SS-31 (Elamipretide)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin, a critical phospholipid for electron transport chain function. By restoring mitochondrial structure and function, SS-31 improves cellular energy production, reduces reactive oxygen species, and has shown benefits for heart failure, kidney disease, and age-related mitochondrial decline in clinical trials.
Frequency
Daily for 21 days
Cycle Length
21-day cycles, 2-3 times per year
Route
Subcutaneous
Research Level
Emerging
Goals
Dosing Protocol
~5 mg daily (33 units), subcutaneous injection. Best to use before running a MOTS-c cycle. With standard reconstitution, 0.15 mg per unit — 33 units ≈ 5 mg on a U-100 insulin syringe. Available in 10 mg, 14 mg, 15 mg, and 40 mg vials.
Reconstitution
Reconstitution varies by vial size: 14 mg in 1.2 mL, 10 mg in 1 mL, 15 mg in 1 mL, or 40 mg in 2 mL.
Timing
Morning, on an empty stomach.
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Potential Side Effects
- Injection site reactions
- Headache
- Generally well tolerated in clinical trials
Important Warnings
- Phase 3 trials for Barth syndrome and heart failure are ongoing
- Not yet FDA-approved
Works Well With
Research References
- Szeto HH. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008;10(3):601-619. doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1892
- Butler J, et al. Circ Heart Fail. 2023;16(8):e010018. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.010018
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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. SS-31 (Elamipretide) may be regulated differently in various jurisdictions. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before beginning any peptide protocol. PepStack Pro does not sell peptides or provide medical advice. Content reviewed by Dr. Seth Miller, MD.